细节目标

M8

详解礁湖星云.md

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NGC3372

https://peoplesguidetothecosmos.com/constellations/carina.htm

仔细观察大船底座星云的北部，可以确定其一些主要特征。

Trumpler 14-开放星团

巨大的星云内部深处是Eta Carinae，这是一颗狂野而疯狂的恒星，其亮度变化历史悠久。然后，在1843年，它经历了超新星爆炸，并以某种方式成功度过了通常的灾难性经历。爆炸产生了巨大的膨胀气体星云，该气体星云现在围绕恒星，被称为Homunculus星云。

哈勃图像的魔术才刚刚开始。它是被称为神秘山（Mystic Mountain）的Carina星云内部强烈的恒星形成区域。由内外都有恒星风塑造的巨大的气体和尘埃云。附近充满活力的恒星从云层的外层吹散，留下了三光年高的超高密度团块和柱子。可以看到其中的炽热新星发出的电离气体从图像顶部的柱子向侧面发射。

https://cristoraul.org/deyave/astronomia/CONSTELLATIONS/CARINA-QUILLA.htm

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我放大了这个巨大的发射星云的外部细丝，在它的许多轮廓的尘埃云上，在它南段的大型散射星团柯林斯228上，在它明亮的中心团上，在它被一条雪佛龙形状的暗道分叉，在嵌入的星团Tr 14和Tr 15的星体喷发上，然后集中在箭头形状的年轻星团Tr 16上，一个位于锁孔暗星云南端的一个丰富的开放星团。

Trumpler 16拥有非常明亮，非常细小的（15“）Homunculus Nebula，它是尘埃和气体的双极壳，围绕着超巨星Eta Carinae（RA 10h 45m 03.6s，12月-59°41” 04’，春分2000.0） 。色彩浓烈的Homunculus Nebula和心宿二一样橙色。我与ASNSW成员安德鲁·穆雷尔（Andrew Murrell）的20英寸f / 5 Dobsonian一起以363x进行了研究，这是一个非常稳定的夜晚，在后来举行的南太平洋星空派对的地点。令人惊讶的是，我能够看到哈勃太空望远镜影像上可见的主要特征。西部裂片较窄，夹杂着微弱的暗色。东部较宽，沿细孔的长轴排列有两个微小的深色夹杂物。微小的尖峰在被遮盖的恒星的西北和东南延伸，而西北尖峰则是两者中较尖的。这幅不稳定的恒星在其19世纪著名的爆发中抛出的物质的详细视图也许是我旅行中最激动人心的部分。

（Homunculus Nebula是围绕着巨大的恒星系统Eta Carinae的双极发射和反射星云，星云嵌在更大的Carina星云中。）

如果发射星云NGC 3324没有被附近的Eta Carinae星云所遮盖，它将更加有名。通过ASNSW成员和南太平洋之星派对联合创始人托尼·巴克利（Tony Buckley）在81x的14½英寸f / 7 Dobsonian看到，NGC 3324是一个模糊的两瓣补丁。一颗明亮的黄色星点缀在南部的叶上。北部的星云状为新月形。当将Lumicon超高对比度（UHC）滤镜穿到目镜上时，视野明显改善。有趣的是，千禧星图集和NGC 2000.0都暗示有一个星团与该星云有关，但在目镜上却看不到。

微弱的发射和反射星云NGC 3293围绕着一个共享相同NGC编号的灿烂开放星团。该星团是在14.5英寸（81倍）处是令人难以置信的紧紧的星星球。一排三颗明亮的星星（一个橙色）突出显示了中心。一条长长的黑暗星云在开放星团的西边行进，而一个微小的星云立即在东边。没有滤镜，在照片中只能看到一丝漫射的雾状。但是，借助UHC滤镜和136倍放大倍率，星团陷入了雾状之中，长长的黑暗车道变得更加明显。

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https://peoplesguidetothecosmos.com/constellations/cygnus.htm

annotated map

http://www.irida-observatory.org/Namibia-Tivoli/SMC_ASA_8_frames_mosaic/SMC_ASA_8_mosaic.htm

http://www.irida-observatory.org/Namibia-Tivoli/LMCmosaic_NGC2070/LMC_mosaic.htm

NGC 1760 (Henize 11) in the Large Magellanic Cloud

The central part of the Small Magellanic Cloud

NGC 346, NGC 371 in Small Magellanic Cloud

Gum 38a, Gum 38b (RCW 57, The Statue of Liberty) - the nebulae and open star clusters in Carina

左边是Gum 38b (NGC 3603)，右边是Gum 38a (NGC 3576, 3579, 3581, 3582, 3584, 3586) - The Statue of Liberty 自由女神星云

Gum 23 and Gum 22: diffuse nebulae in Vela

IC 1274, IC 1275, IC 4685, NGC 6559, Barnard 91, Barnard 303 in Sagittarius

NGC 3247 and NGC 3199 in Carina (two frame mosaic)

NGC 3199 (Gum 28, RCW 48, Smile Nebula) in Carina

NGC 1955, NGC 1968 and more in Dorado

Vela

M78

http://www.astrophoton.com/M078.htm

http://www.messier.seds.org/more/m078_mcneil.html

麦克尼尔星云

https://images.mantrapskies.com/catalog/OTHER/MCNEILS_NEBULA/MCNEIL_L6X10RGB3X10ID.JPG

M42

梯形星团

http://www.messier.seds.org/more/m042_more.html

猎户座星云最明亮的区域是梯形的年轻刚形成的恒星团周围，这是另一种命名法的主题，这些命名法是由历史视觉观察者获得的，例如赫歇尔，斯特鲁夫和罗塞。鱼嘴的名称为“ Sinus Magnus”，而机翼的末端命名为“ Proboscis Maior”（SE，在我们的图像中较低）和“ Proboscis Minor”（NW）。梯形星云周围的星云明亮区域称为“雷希奥·休伊格纳那”（Regio Huygheniana），它受到东南侧（左下）亮度较低的“弗朗斯”（Reron Subnebulosa）的限制，该区域包含最亮的恒星Theta2奥里奥尼斯（最近的“ Frons”）；Theta1是最亮的梯形星。明亮的“光桥” 穿过窦马格努斯的梯形的左侧称为“ PonsSchröteri”，其终点为北部下表面的亮度“ Regio Picardiana”。Regio Huyghiana的星云右部分被命名为“ Regio Derhamiana”，而右下角的深色结构是“ Sinus Gentili”，该结构进入右下角的“ Regio Fouchiana”。

The brightest region of the Orion nebula around the Trapezium cluster of young, recently formed stars is subject of another nomenclature coming from historical visual observers, namely Herschel, Struve, and Rosse. The Fish’s Mouth there has the designation “Sinus Magnus”, while the wing ends are named “Proboscis Maior” (SE, lower in our image) and “Proboscis Minor” (NW). The bright region of the nebula around the Trapezium is called “Regio Huygheniana”, which is sharply limited by the “Frons” toward the lower-surface-brightness “Regio Subnebulosa” in the southeast (lower left) which contains as its brightest star Theta2 Orionis (nearest to the “Frons”); Theta1 is the brightest Trapezium star. The bright “light bridge” left of the Trapezium through Sinus Magnus is called “Pons Schröteri”, which ends up in the northern lower surface brightness “Regio Picardiana”. The part of the nebula right of Regio Huyghiana was named “Regio Derhamiana”, while the dark structures in the lower right are the “Sinus Gentili”, which go over into the “Regio Fouchiana” at the very lower right.

Orion Nebula Topography

http://www.astrosurf.com/patricio/DS/M42-topografia.htm

Map of the Orion Nebula with the classic nomenclature and some of the modern terms. The most interesting and richest region of place names is located near the Trapezium (= Trapezium ). Most of the place names refer well to classical observers such as Huygens, Gentil, Picard or Messier as used by Herschel, Struve or Rosse.

Other toponyms refer to the silhouette of a fish ( rostrum , frons or occiput , or the more modern south wing and north wing ) with Sinus magnus as its mouth . We have also used other terms coined in the latest research done with the HST, especially shock waves or dark lanes.

The term *”Sinus magnus”* was used by John Herschel in his 1837 publication (or perhaps also in 1824, I have not had occasion to read that article), Bond (1861, 1867) and has been retained by Holden, 1860 (which is a Delight monograph, very detailed and with descriptions of previous observations made by other astronomers).

The earliest use of *”the Fish’s mouth”* was made by WH Smyth in 1844 (in the Bedford catalog ) and has been a term used to this day by many English-speaking observers.

详细描述

http://www.kolumbus.fi/jaakko.saloranta/Deepsky/Messier/M42.html

Description: The Orion Nebula is impossible to describe in her whole glory so it is best done in parts.

Trapezium region: This is probably the most obvious feature of the entire nebula. Four stars (A, B, C and D respectively) are visible with medium magnifications such as 58x (52’). Trapezium shows only weak nebulosity in the background. SW of the cluster is the brightest part of the nebula showing a complex structure of uneven brightness. Slightly more to the W is a dark bay this might be the one listed as “Schnecke”. Due to NE lies the dark bay “Sinus Magnus”. Due to the low altitude of the object, seeing more than 4 stars from the Trapezium is quite difficult. I could only a single observation from the Finnish Deep Sky Archive (97 sketches) that shows more than 5 stars from the region despite the large telescopes (12” and up) and high magnifications used (200x and up). The sketch is that of Riku Henriksson showing 6 stars with a 6” telescope done at the Tampere observatory at at extremely high magnification (1600x).

Sinus Magnus region: The most obvious dark bay in Orion Nebula. It appears as an ear shaped bay (Van Gogh’s left ear?) NE from the Trapezium.

Sinus Gentilii region: After “Sinus Magnus” this is the most obvious dark patch in the nebula. It appears as a cylinder-shaped feature in the S edge of the field.

Frons region: This is the brightest part in the SE region - running through from the eastern edge all the way down to Sinus Gentilii. I was however unable to see the “islands” in this region although there is a definite sense of “patchiness”. There is a faint, elongated dark patch NW of Theta2 Orionis [around 671 Orionis] and a smaller puffs of nebulosity visible in the NE region.

Lacus Secchii region: Visible barely as a darker section in NW of the Trapezium.

Pons Schroteri region: Slightly brighter extension in the NE edge of the Sinus Magnus. On both sides of V1230 Ori there are two, very faint, darker patches.

Spitze region: Barely brighter part in the extreme NE edge of the Orion Nebula. Quite sharply defined.

Lacus Lasellii region: Darker part in the very NNW edge of the field - at the edge of Proboscis Minor.

此HST图像显示了“ Frons”的一部分，左侧的亮星为Theta2 Orionis。在明亮的“ Regio Huygheniana”（或惠更斯地区）中，在一个看起来非常湍流的气态环境中可以找到几个原行星盘。

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M20

http://www.astrophoton.com/M020-2.htm

Coalsack

黑饰品

NGC6726

N6914

N7000

Stock 23 - Pazmino’s Cluster

M31

http://www.astrosurf.com/patricio/DS/M31_globulares_extragalacticos.htm